基于公共产品理论，剖析电子竞技（以下简称“电竞”）的价值属性及其全球治理议题，阐释其 全球治理格局与发展态势，并分析我国现状、政策演变、现实困境及优化路径。研究发现：电竞兼具电子 与竞技特征，呈现公共与私人产品双重价值属性，其治理议题围绕国际公共产品和私人消费产品供给展 开，涵盖价值引导、行业标准、职业联赛等维度；与传统体育公私属性相对分离不同，电竞的竞赛场地与 竞赛规则受知识产权保护，私人控制权集中与公共价值外溢在同一产品上深度绑定且无法分离，这种深 层张力构成了理解电竞全球治理纷争的基础逻辑；在全球治理格局中，国际奥委会与游戏厂商的合作搁 浅本质上是“公共治理框架”与“私人产权控制”之间的制度性摩擦，而非单纯的价值分歧；单项体育组 织、区域性体育协会、各国政府及电竞头部企业共同构成多元协同结构，治理资源分布不均塑造了主体 间的权力差异与合作动机。我国作为全球领先的电竞消费市场，政策环境持续向好，但仍面临管理职责 不清、行业规范缺失、头部企业垄断、人才建设短缺、博彩与假赛问题突出等治理困境，这是全球结构性 矛盾在巨大单一市场的集中表达。基于此，从规范市场秩序、强化公共供给、设计公私协同机制3个理论 维度，提出我国电竞规范化发展的优化路径。

Based on the public goods theory，this paper analyzes the value of electronic sports （esports） and its global governance issues，outlines its global governance pattern and development trajectory，and examines the current situation， policy evolution，practical dif?culties and optimization pathways in China. It ?nds that esports possesses both electronic and competitive characteristics，presenting dual value attributes of public and private goods. Its governance issues revolve around the provision of international public goods and private goods，encompassing value guidance，industry standards，professional leagues，and other dimensions. Unlike traditional sports，where public and private attributes are relatively separable，the "competition venue" and "competition rules" of esports are protected by intellectual property rights. The concentration of private control rights and the spillover of public value are deeply bound and inseparable on the same product. This underlying connection constitutes the foundational logic for understanding the disputes in the global governance of esports. In global governance，the stalemate in cooperation between the International Olympic Committee （IOC） and game manufacturers is essentially an institutional friction between the "public governance framework" and the "private property control"，rather than a simple value divergence；various sports organizations，regional sports associations，national governments，and leading esports enterprises together form a multi-stakeholder collaborative structure，wherein the uneven distribution of governance resources engenders power asymmetries and divergent motivations for cooperation among the entities. As the world's leading esports consumer market，China's policy environment continues to improve；however，it still faces governance challenges including unclear regulatory responsibilities，absence of industry standards，monopolization by leading enterprises，talent development de?ciencies，and pervasive issues of gambling and match-?xing. These challenges are concentrated expressions of global structural contradictions within a single huge market. Accordingly，this paper proposes optimization pathways for the standardized development of esports in China from three theoretical dimensions，such as regulating market order，strengthening public supply，and designing public-private collaborative mechanisms.

G899

教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题（2026JZDZ080）