如何在优化城市空间结构的同时促进居民健康，已成为新型城镇化所面临的重大现实问题。 研究基于 2014—2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据和夜光灯数据，考察了城市空间结构对居民肥胖的异质 性影响及其影响机制。研究发现，偏单中心的城市空间结构显著促进了居民肥胖，这一结论在系列稳健 性检验和解决内生性问题后依然成立。异质性分析发现，偏单中心的城市空间结构对女性群体、社交紧 密型群体、室内工作群体和高压力群体的肥胖促进作用更明显。偏单中心的城市空间结构对北方城市 居民和人口密集城市居民的肥胖促进作用更大。调节效应分析发现，空气湿度和城市数字化水平的调 节作用降低了偏单中心城市空间结构对居民肥胖的促进效应。机制检验结果表明，城市空间结构通过 消费可达性、交通可达性、休闲可达性和物流可达性影响居民肥胖。研究为如何在城市空间管理过程中 实现公共健康目标提供了一种新视角和经验证据。

It is a major practical task of new urbanization to strike a balance between optimizing urban spatial structures and improving residents’ health. Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies and night light data form 2014— 2020， this study examines the heterogeneous effects of urban spatial structure on residents obesity prevalence and its influence mechanism. It is found that single-center urban spatial structure significantly promotes residents obesity. This finding remains valid after a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity problems. Heterogeneity tests find that the single-center urban spatial structure promotes obesity more significantly among female groups，socially compact groups， indoor working groups， and high stress groups. The single-center urban spatial structure has a greater promoting effect on obesity among northern urban residents and residents of densely populated cities. The moderating effect reveals that air humidity and urban digitalization level reduces the obesity-promoting effect of single-center urban spatial structure. The mechanism test shows that urban spatial structure affects residents obesity through consumption accessibility，transportation accessibility， leisure accessibility， and logistics accessibility. This paper provides a new perspective and empirical evidence for achieving public health goals in the process of urban spatial management.

TU984.113； R589.2

国家社会科学基金一般项目（21BJL128）；中央高校基本 科研业务费专项资金资助（2232024B-01）