促进乡村中小学生体育教育质量提升作为教育部门的职能，是实现教育公平的主要内容，可 探索与建立新机制。研究基于全国8个省（自治区）218所乡村学校的问卷调查数据，采用双重差分法评 估体育支教志愿服务的整体政策效应，并引入两步回归法识别其作用机制。研究表明：体育支教志愿 服务显著提升了学生在体育课程参与、体育课外活动频率、体育支教志愿者认可、体育技能掌握与体能 水平等多个维度的表现，验证了其在改善乡村学校体育教学供给与激发学生体育参与方面的积极作用。 异质性分析发现，政策效果在少数民族与初中学段的学生中更为显著，特别是在体育技能掌握和体能水 平提升方面，边际效应明显高于其他群体。机制分析进一步表明，体育支教志愿服务主要通过资源支持、 师生互动、能力提升3类机制，构建了从体育支教志愿服务供给改善到促进学生体育教育质量提升的完 整作用路径。研究建议：一是优化资源配置，多元并举改善乡村学校体育教育基础条件；二是实施分类 指导，精准施策提高乡村体育支教志愿服务教学水平；三是建立长效机制，协同联动促进乡村体育支教 志愿服务队伍建设。

Improving the quality of physical education among rural primary and secondary school students is a key responsibility of educational authorities and an essential means to achieving educational equity. To this end， new mechanisms can be explored and established. Based on questionnaire data from 218 rural schools across eight provinces in China， this study employs a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the overall policy effect of sports volunteer teaching services and introduces a two-step regression method to identify the underlying mechanisms. The results show that sports volunteer teaching significantly improves students’ performance across multiple dimensions， including participation in physical education classes， frequency of extracurricular sports activities， recognition of volunteer teachers， mastery of physical skills， and physical fitness levels. These findings confirm the positive role of such volunteer services in enhancing the supply of physical education and motivating student participation in rural schools. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the policy effects are more pronounced among ethnic minority students and junior secondary students， particularly in skill acquisition and physical fitness， where the marginal benefits are notably greater than those observed in other groups. The mechanism analysis further reveals that sports volunteer teaching primarily operates through three pathways—resource support， teacherstudent interaction， and capacity enhancement—constructing a comprehensive causal chain from the improvement of service provision to the enhancement of students’ physical education quality. Based on the findings， this study offers three policy recommendations： ① Optimize resource allocation and adopt multi-stakeholder approaches to improve the basic conditions for rural school physical education； ② Implement differentiated guidance strategies to enhance the precision and effectiveness of sports volunteer teaching； ③ Establish long-term mechanisms and foster coordinated collaboration to support the sustained development of the volunteer teaching workforce in rural areas.

G633.96

国家社会科学基金重点项目（24ATY010）