史料的规范运用，是保证武术史学研究成果质量的关键所在，具有知易行难的特点。为呼吁学界重视对史料的规范运用，本研究运用文献资料法，从史料考辨和史料解读两个方面，对既往“宋代禁止民间习武”论述中的史料运用情况进行再审视，指出其运用过程中存在的失范问题，为宋代政府对待民间习武态度寻求一种合理解释。研究认为，失范问题主要包括：（1）不重视史料考辨，将禁止民间持有禁兵器史料错误理解为禁止民间习武的证据；（2）缺乏历史语境还原，忽视各类“禁武”诏令背后所隐含的流氓、盗匪等群体“以武犯禁”的史实；（3）违背客观性原则，对宋代城市武艺结社、乡兵保甲等反驳证据进行选择性忽视。研究结论：宋代并不干预普通民众为防身自卫、保家卫国而进行的习武行为，其禁止的是部分群体或组织“以武犯禁”，妨碍社会秩序的习武行为。封建政权虽然是阶级矛盾不可调和的产物和表现，但保护社会不致在无休止的斗争中陷于毁灭也是其重要功能。当流氓、盗匪等群体“以武犯禁”，妨碍社会秩序时，无论何种性质的政权均有对其进行管制的权利和资格。

The standardized use of historical materials is the key to ensuring the quality of the research results of Martial Arts history, which is easy to know and difficult to do. In order to appeal to the academic circles to pay attention to the normative use of historical materials, this study uses the method of documentary materials to re-examine the use of historical materials in the previous discourse on “prohibiting folk martial arts in the Song Dynasty” from two aspects: historical data identification and historical data interpretation, and points out its application. The problem of anomie in the process seeks a reasonable explanation for the Song Dynasty government's attitude towards folk martial arts.The research believes that the problems of anomie mainly include: (1) not paying attention to the examination and identification of historical materials, misunderstanding the prohibition of civilians from holding prohibited weapons and historical materials as evidence of the prohibition of civil martial arts; (2)lack of restoration of historical context, ignoring the historical facts that hooligans, bandits and other groups “violate the ban with Martial arts” implied behind various “prohibition of martial arts” edicts; (3) violated the principle of objectivity, selectively ignoring the rebuttal evidence such as urban martial arts associations and township soldiers Baojia in the Song Dynasty. Research conclusion: The Song Dynasty did not interfere with ordinary people's martial arts behaviors for self-defense, family defense and national defense. What it prohibited was some groups or organizations "violating the prohibition with force" and obstructing social order. Although the feudal regime is the product and manifestation of irreconcilable class contradictions, its important function is to protect the society from being destroyed in the endless struggle. When groups such as hooligans and bandits “violate the prohibition by Martial Arts” and obstruct social order, any regime of any nature has the right and qualification to regulate them.

国家社会科学基金一般项目