本文针对退役运动员群体的精准帮扶工作，紧紧围绕十九大报告关于扶贫工作重点强调的“扶持谁”、“谁扶持”和“怎么扶”的问题展开研究。一是以英国国际署的可持续生计框架（SLA）为基础，制订了退役运动员可持续生计分析框架，构建了退役运动员生计资本评价指标体系；二是以6省548名退役运动员为样本，对该群体的可持续生计资本状况进行了评价。评价结果表明该群体可持续生计资本总体情况处于一般水平，除体育技能资本评价为较好外，人力资本、社会资本、资金资本和物质资本均处于一般水平；三是从帮扶主体和帮扶内容两个方面，对该群体“已获帮扶”与“期待帮扶”进行比较分析，结果表明两个方面均存在较大差距；四是为实现对退役运动员群体的“精准帮扶”，提出如下帮扶策略：一是科学构建“帮扶体系”是前提，二是完善“保障制度”是基础，三是资本“补短强优”是重点，四是帮扶“尽早介入”是关键，五是“志智双扶”是核心。以期为退役运动员群体的精准帮扶工作提供借鉴和参考。

Aimed at solving the accurate assistance of the retired athletes, this paper conducts a research on the basic logic of the problem stressed by the 19th Report of the Work on the Government, that is, “assistant who”, “who assistant” and “how assistant”. First of all, this paper is based on the sustainable livelihood approach of the Department for International Development of England, and formulated a sustainable livelihood analysis approach for retired athletes. Second, 548 retired athletes from 6 provinces were used as samples to evaluate the status of sustainable livelihood capital. The evaluation results show that the overall situation of sustainable livelihood capital is at a general level, and the level of sports skill capital is better, but human capital, social capital, financial capital and material capital are at a general level. Third, it carries out an comparative analysis of the “received assistance” and the “expected assistance” of the retired athletes in terms of the main body and content of assistance; the result shows that there is a big gap between the two sides. At last, for achieving "precise assistance" for retired athletes, this paper proposes the following assistance strategies, in order to provide reference for the precise assistance of retired athletes: 1. Scientifically constructing an “assistance system” is the premise. 2. Perfecting the “safeguard system” is the foundation. 3. The capital’s “enhance advantages and improve disadvantages” is the key point. 4. The assistance’s “intervention as early as possible” is the key. 5. The “two kind of assistances of aspiration and wisdom” is the core.

国家社科基金项目：《基于可持续生计的我国退役运动员弱势群体的社会支持问题研究》（课题编号：14BTY069）