采用文献法和调查法研究美国体育场馆治理的演进，反思其实践中呈现的问题，旨在为我国体育场馆治理提供借鉴。百年来，美国体育场馆治理经历了民营化、公共化、公私合作的过程。民营化是美国体育场馆治理的起点，经济危机及随后的大萧条时代暴露出民营化的弊端；在新公共管理运动与提高政府效率的背景下，体育场馆服务外包和拍卖冠名权的经营模式逐渐成为主流；当民营化与服务外包引发了社会公众对政府责任的质疑时，体育场馆治理的公共化成为主要议题；而公共部门与私人部门陷入两难的博弈困境后，体育场馆治理的公私合作势所必然，体育场馆的专业化治理则是职业体育发展的内在要求和利益相关者的共同诉求；最终，美国体育场馆形成了分类治理、专业治理、多元治理的格局。我国大型体育场馆存在着超常规建设与运营困境、社会效益与经济效益、以合同为基础的治理结构与以关系为基础的治理机构的矛盾现象，时至今日，依然无法回应为何建设、如何治理、怎么评价的基本问题。未来，我国大型体育场馆治理的路向是分类治理、专业治理、多元治理，在回应大型体育场馆民营化与公共化、包什么与怎么包、社会效益与经济效益的权衡中，反思美国做法的利弊，借鉴美国的相关经验。

This article studies the evolution of stadium governance in the United States by means of literature and investigation，and reflects on the problems in its practice，so as to provide reference for China’s stadium governance.Over the past 100 years，the governance of American sports venues has gone through the process of privatization，publicization and public-private cooperation.Privatization is the starting point of stadium management in the United States.The economic crisis and the great depression that followed exposed the drawbacks of privatization.In the context of the new public management campaign and the improvement of government efficiency，the business model of stadium service outsourcing and auction naming rights has gradually become the mainstream.When privatization and service outsourcing raise the public’s doubts on the government’s responsibility，the publicization of stadium governance becomes the main issue.After the dilemma between public and private sectors，public-private cooperation in stadium governance is inevitable.Professional governance of stadiums and gymnasiums is the inherent requirement of professional sports development and the common appeal of stakeholders.Finally，the United States has formed a classified governance，professional governance，Multiple governance pattern.China’s large stadiums and gymnasiums are confronted with the contradictions of unconventional construction and operation difficulties，social and economic benefits，contract-based governance structure and relation-based governance institutions.Up to now，it is still unable to answer the basic questions of why to construct，how to govern and how to evaluate. In the future，the governance of large sports venues in China will be oriented towards classified governance，professional governance and diversified governance.In response to the paradoxes of privatization and publicization of large sports venues，what and how to undertake，social benefits and economic benefits，we should reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of the United States and learn from the experience of the United States.

国家社科基金重大项目:北京 2022 年冬奥会筹办的基本原则、重点领域与关键问题研究( 项目编号:16ZDA226).